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having served the two previous years in the fortifications of Washington. Its fighting and all its losses occurred within a period of ten months.

The next greatest loss in the heavy artillery is found in the Eighth New York, of Gibbon's Division, Second Corps, in which regiment 19 officers and 342 enlisted men were killed or died of wounds during their three years' term of service. Like the First Maine, it did not go to the front nor see any fighting until the last year of its service, all its losses occuring during the last ten months of the war.

The following list embraces all the heavy artillery regiments in which the number of killed, or died of wounds, exceeded two hundred :

KILLED AND DIED OF WOUNDS. HEAVY ARTILLERY.

Regiment. Division. Corps. Officers. Men. Total.

1st Maine Birney's Second 23 400 423

8th New York Gibbon's Second 19 342 361

7th New York Barlow's Second 14 277 291

2d Connecticut Wright's Sixth 12 242 254

1st Massachusetts Birney's Second 9 232 241

2d Pennsylvania Ferrero's Ninth 5 228 233

14th New York Ferrero's Ninth 6 220 226

2d New York Barlow's Second 10 204 214

9th New York Eicketts's Sixth 6 198 204

The Second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery carried, from first to last, over 5000 names on its rolls. In fact, it comprised two regiments—one in the Ninth, and one in the Eighteenth Corps. In the spring of 1864, the regiment, 1800 strong, joined the Second Division of the Eighteenth Corps, at Cold Harbor. The surplus men had been previously formed into a '' provisional" regiment with the same designation, and assigned to the Ninth Corps. The most of the losses occurred in this provisional command.

A cavalry regiment numbered 1200 men, nominally, and was divided into twelve companies of one hundred each. They did not suffer such severe losses in particular engagements as did the infantry, but their losses were divided among a great many more battles. The cavalry went into action very much oftener than infantry. Although mounted and armed with sabres, much of their fighting was done dismounted, and with carbines. The mounted regiments which lost the most men, killed or fatally wounded in action, were the following :

Regiment. Division. Corps. Officers. Men. Tolal.

1st Maine Gregg's Cavalry, A. P. 15 159 174

1st Michigan Kilpatrick's Cavalry, A. P. 14 150 164

5th Michigan Kilpatrick's Cavalry, A. P. 6 135 141

6th Michigan Kilpatrick's Cavalry, A. P. 7 128 135

1st Vermont Kilpatrick's Cavalry, A. P. 10 124 134

1st N. Y. Dragoons Torbert's Cavalry, A. P. 4 126 130

1st New Jersey Gregg's Cavalry, A. P. 12 116 128

2d New York Wilson's Cavalry, A. P. 9 112 121

llth Pennsylvania Kautz's Cavalry, A. P. 11 108 119

The light artillery was composed of batteries with a maximum strength of 150 men and six guns. Before the war closed many of them were reorganized as four-gun batteries. In

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