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306 Series I Volume XXVII-II Serial 44 - Gettysburg Campaign Part II

Page 306 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. Chapter XXXIX.

divisions of Early and [Edward] Johnson, General Ewell advanced directly upon Winchester, driving the enemy into his works around the town on the 13th . On the same day the troops at Berryville fell back before General Rodes, retreating to Winchester . On the 14th, general Early stormed the works at the latter place, and the whole army of General Milroy was captured or dispersed. Most of those who attempted to escape were intercepted and made prisoners by General Jonson . Their leader fled to Harper's Ferry with a small party of fugitives. General Rodes marched from Berryville to Martinsburg, entering the latter place on the 14th, where he took 700 prisoners, 5 pieces of artillery, and a considerable quantity of stores . These operations cleared the Valley of the enemy, those at Harper's Ferry withdrawing to maryland Heights . More than 4, 000 prisoners, 29 pieces of artillery, 270 wagons and ambulances, with 400 horses, were captured besides a large amount of military stores. Our loss was small . On the night that Ewell appeared at Winchester, the Federal troops in front of A. P. Hill at Fredericksburg recrossed the Rappahannock, and the next day disappeared behind the hills of Stafford. The whole army of General Hooker withdrew from the line of the Rappahannock, pursuing the roads near the Potomac, and no favorable opportunity was offered for attack . It seemed to be the purpose of General Hooker to take a position which would enable him to cover the approaches to Washington City. With a view to draw him farther from his base, and at the same time to cover the march of A. P. Hill, who, in accordance with instructions, left Fredericksburg for the Valley as soon as the enemy withdrew from his front, Longstreet moved from Culpeper Court-House on the 15th, and, advancing along the east side of the Blue Ridge, occupied Ashby's and Snicker's Gaps. His force had been augmented, while at Culpeper, by General Pickett, with three brigades of his division, The cavalry under General Stuart was thrown out in front of Longstreet, to watch the enemy, now reported to be moving into Loudoun . On the 17th, his cavalry encountered two brigades of ours under General Stuart, near Aldie, and was driven back with loss. The next day the engagement was renewed, the Federal cavalry being strongly supported by infantry, and General Stuart was in turn, compelled to retire. The enemy advanced as far as Upperville, and then fell back . In these engagements, General Stuart took about 400 prisoners and considerable number of horses and arms. In the meantime, a part of Ewell's corps had entered Maryland, and the rest was about to follow. General Jenkins, with his cavalry, who accompanied General Ewell, penetrated Pennsylvania as far as Chambersburg . As these demonstrations did not have the effect of causing the Federal Army to leave Virginia, and as it did not seem disposed to advance upon the position held by Longstreet, the latter was withdrawn to the west side of the Shenahdoah, General Hill having already reached the Valley . General Stuart was left to guard the passed of the mountains and observe the movements of the enemy, whom he was instructed to harass and impede as much as possible, should he attempt to cross the Potomac . In that event, General Stuart was directed to move into Maryland, crossing the Potomac east or west of the Blue Ridge, as, in his judgment, should be best, and take position on the right of our column as it advanced . By the 24th, the progress of Ewell rendered it necessary that the


Page 306 N. C., VA., W. VA., MD., PA., ETC. Chapter XXXIX.