ask him if he recognizes it as embodying the policy which I announced as that I proposed to observe toward the people of Tennessee in the conduct of the war as far as my command was concerned. It is dated Nashville, February 26, 1862. General Orders, Numbers 13a.

I think I remember that order. My attention was called to the first order issued by General Buell, because I wished particularly to see what would be the policy of the Federal Army in our country. I recognize that order as embodying his policy in the conduct of the war in Tennessee.

Question. Will you please state what effect, upon general principles and from experience as far as you have had an opportunity of observing its practical operations, such a policy, if carried out, would have had upon the temper of the people of Tennessee with reference to the cause of the Union?

I take the object of the United States to be to restore the Union; not merely a physical conquering or reannexing of territory in which the people are in rebellion, but, as far as it may be in the power of the Government of effect it to restore the affections of the people to the government. I take it to be of first importance to conquer the men in arms. After this is done I should say that such a course should be pursued as would effect the other purpose of restoring the love of the people for their country and Government. this may be accomplished to some extent, as I think, while ;the armies are passing through the country, but not by unnecessary harshness. I speak in reference to quiet and peaceable citizens. I think the order spoken of in the question is conciliatory, and if carried out was calculated to win back the affections of the people. i think that the course pursued by the army under that and like orders had a good effect upon the people of tennessee as far as I had access to them. I think so from what I saw myself and I would say so from the knowledge I have of human nature. I think there was a better state of feeling toward the Government in Middle Tennessee as late as July, 1862, and has been since.

Question. Do you recognize in that order or in the practical effect of it anything which places loyal and disloyal people, those who are friendly or hostile in their conduct, on the same footing under all circumstances-anything that exempts from punishment conduct that is injurious to the interest of the Government?

I do not, sir. I recognize in that order a distinction in some cases between loyal and disloyal persona.

Question. From your knowledge of the people in Tennessee and the effect of the policy initiated there upon their disposition toward the Government, as far as it was faithfully executed, in what position do you believe the State of Tennessee would stand to-day if the rebel armies had been kept out of the State and the people left free to express their opinions and wishes?

By order of the president the Order Numbers 13a was here read to the Commission:

GENERAL ORDERS, HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO,

Numbers 13a. Nashville, Tenn., February 26, 1862.

The general commanding congratulates his troops that it has been their privilege to restore the national banner to the capital of Tennessee. We believe that thousands of hearts in every part of the State will melt with joy to see that honored flag reinstated in a position from which it was removed in the excitement and folly of an evil hour; that the voice of her people will soon-proclaim its welcome, and that their manhood and patriotism will protect and perpetuate it. the general does not deem it necessary, though the occasion is a fit one, to remind his troops of the rule of conduct they have hitherto observed and are still to pursue. We are in arms not for the purpose of invading the rights of our fellow-countrymen anywhere, but to maintain the integrity of the Union and protect the constitution, under which its people have been prosperous and happy. We cannot, therefore, look with indifference on any conduct which is designed to give aid and comfort to those who are endeavoring to defeat these objects; but the action to be taken in such cases rests with certain au

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