recently used to swell their armies where force was necessary. I think on the 1st of April, 1861, the people of Tennessee were for the Union. I know they were in February, 1861, from the vote they gave on the 9th of that month, in which the result was about 64,000 majority for the Union. I do not pretend to undertake to describe the state of things when this rebellion first broke out in Tennessee, but no man who was not there will ever comprehend it. Never.

Question. With, then, the existence of a latent or suppressed affection for the Union, has not the policy of severity the objection of punishing friends as well as enemies, the innocent as well as the guilty?

I think there is that latent feeling of regard and perhaps affection for the Union in the minds of a great many people of the South, and I think it can be cultivated much more effectually by kindness, where it can be extended, than by a contrary course. As to the effect of the policy referred to in the question, that can be judged of each man for himself.

Cross-examination by the JUDGE-ADVOCATE:

Question. How long have you been a resident of East Tennessee?

I am a native of Tennessee.

Question. Were you in the State subsequent to its withdrawal from the Union?

Yes, sir.

Question. How long did you remain under the rebel Government?

Until the advent of the Federal Army in February or March, 1862.

Question. As a Union man residing in the State at that time did you experience none of the harsh treatment we have heard of?

No, sir; I was not treated harshly personally.

Question. Were you understood by the rebel authorities to be a Union man?

I suppose so, sir.

Question. What was the number of troops furnished by Tennessee to the rebel Army up to the time of our occupation of Nashville?

I do not know, sir; I know that there was provision made in the Legislature to raise 55,000, but how many were raised I do not know, for I had nothing to say to or do with the authorities on that subject.

Question. Were those troops raised by volunteering or by conscripting or drafting.

A large portion of the first troops raised was by volunteering. In the fall of 1861 there was an attempt at a draft, and, judging from what I heard from others, in attempting to enforce the draft most of the called volunteered to avoid it. More recently in Tennessee my information is that they are conscripting them wherever they can find them, but I know nothing on that subject.

Question. Do you not know that rebel army from Tennessee represents nearly the whole population of Tennessee?

Yes, sir; that is, they are from all parts of the States and a large majority of the families are represented.

Question. Did not that vote from which you drew your inference that there was a Union feeling in Tennessee stop short of an unconditional Union sentiment; that is, did it include coercion?

I think it did not stop short; that is my impression, from the fact that the majority voted against having a convention to consider the subject at all, lest that convention might take the State out. I do not know that vote indicated a condition of coercion; at all events, it was a vote against holding a convention, but not by so large a majority as the 64,000.

Question. Was it not about the same thing as it was in Virginia;