[CHAP. XXVIII.

thought differently (I do not remember precisely what I did think then), and when they passed Crab Orchard I thought they meant to abandon the State.

Question. When it was first discovered that the enemy had retired from his position at Perryville what was your impression as to the force he had there, and was it your impression that his force was concentrated there or that only a small portion of it had made a stand there?

My impression was that his entire force was there, but I cannot say that I derived that impression from any information. The fact that they fought there satisfied me that he had concentrated his force there. I do not know that I had any information beyond that which induced me to believe his entire force was there.

Question. Do you consider that the supposition that he had concentrated his whole force and had fought there, and on the other hand the supposition that he made a stand there with only a small portion of his force, might make a very decided difference as to the object of his withdrawal from that point; in other words, while in one case it might indicate that he was retreating, might it not in the other case indicate that he was moving to complete his junction or concentrate for the purpose of battle?

Undoubtedly it would make a great difference in the inference which I should draw myself as to the object of his withdrawal; in the one case I should think he would consider himself unable to encounter our army, and in the other case I should think his object was to united his whole force, and that he intended to fight or run as he might think best.

Question. With Bragg's army proper at Bardstown and Kirby Smith's forces at Lexington and other points in Central Kentucky, with the direct roads open from these points to any points on which the enemy might desire to retreat-for example, the turnpike from Bardstown through New Haven and Glasgow and so on to Middle Tennessee, the turnpike from Bardstown to Lebanon and thence on either directly to Glasgow or by way of Columbia, the road from Bardstown to Danville, thence to Somerset, or on toward Cumberland Gap, and for the other forces the roads from Central Kentucky by the way of Richmond on to Cumberland Gap-what to your mind would such movements indicate as took these separate forces entirely off these various routes for the purpose of concentrating them at or in the vicinity of an out-of-the-way place like Harrodsburg?

To my mind it would indicate certainly a resolution to fight.

Question. State, if you please, what your judgment is in regard to the state of discipline in the Army of the Ohio from first to last, and as to the care with which its discipline was watched over and preserved by its commander and his subordinate officers under his direction.

I think the Army of the Ohio, from my knowledge of it, has always been in a high state of discipline, and that the very greatest care was taken by its commander to preserve that discipline. He was very efficiently aided by very many of his officers; and I think the army had demonstrated its discipline, from Shiloh and Perryville down to Stone River, by the very highest sort of testimony to its efficiency.

Question. Does anything occur to you in connection with the condition of that army last summer in Middle Tennessee which was calculated to impair its discipline in spite of the best efforts of its high officers? Please state what now occurs to you on that subject.

There were several things, I think, calculated to impair the discipline of an army situated as that army was in Middle Tennessee. It was scattered very much, and in some divisions composing the army there was some dissatisfaction because they thought they were so isolated. They did not know how they were supported or to be supported in case of difficulty, and when the movement began some of the com