grains and without locking a wheel or using a brake. The road does not cut up with wagons. It is a hard, compact, gravelly clay soil.

Schedule of distances from Tucson to Libertad by a different route fromt he foregoing.

Tucson to -. Miles Remarks.

Arivaca. 62 Wood, water, grass; excellent

road.

Fraguita. 3 Permanent running water; wood

and grass.

Head of Busne 8 Road good, except ascent to and

Valley. descent from a mesa, easily made

passable; eight-mule Mexican

teams haul 4,000-pound loads;

wood; water by digging five or

six feet; grass.

Agua Escondida. 15 Fine road down Busne Valley;

grass al the way; water and wood

abudant.

Busne Rancho. 12 Wood, water, grass, grain, and

produce of all kinds. There is a

bad piece of road for two miles

in a canon.

Saric. 6 Population 300; on the Altar

River; cultivation all along the

river; wood, water, grass,

grain, &c. ; fine ash timber.

Estancia Rancho. 13 Wood, water, grain, grass, &c.

Tubutama. 6 Population, 300; two flour

mills; water, wood, grain,

grass, &c.

El Atil (or Dati). 9 Population, 150 or 200; also a

Papago rancheria; wood, water,

grass, grain, and proudce of all

kinds; the gras is however, two

miles distant, in a level valley

along the Altar River.

Oquitoa. 13 Good, hard, gravely road; grain,

wood, water, grass; three flour

mills.

Altar. 5 Already described.

Pitiquito. 13 Already described. Here the two

roads join.

Libertad. 64 Following the road already

described.

Total. 229

From Arivaca to Pitiguito there is always abundance of grain. None need be carried by trains, and grain can be raised on about twelve deserted ranches between San Xavier and Arivaca. In Sonora along the Altar River it can be had at a maximum of 2 cents per pound at any time, and generally for half that price. Hay can be procured on both routes for 1 cent per pound at most. There are about 35,000 fanegas (150 pounds eqch) of wheat raised on the Altar River annually, and 8,000 fanegas each of corn and barley. Sugar-cane grows in perfection. The wheat is very superior. Wheat is harvested in June, corn in November to tuscon for 3 cents per pound. It costs the Government 15 cents for every pound laid down in Tucson now by way of Fort Yuma, and that without taking into consideration the bad condition in which supplies are received and the extratordinary waste and leakage unavoidable. Besides, it takes nearly double the time it would by way of Libertad. A worse road than the greater part of that from Fort Yuma to Tucson does not exist for animals and means of transportation. A more disagreeable could not be imagined.

D. FEGUSSON,

Major, First Cav. California Vols., Commanding Dist. of Western Arizona.

[Inclosure C.] TUCSON, ARIZ. TER., August 16,1 862.

Major D. FERGUSSON,

Commanding:

In compliance with your instructions of the 15th instant, I submit the following report of the actual cost of transporting stores from Fort Yuma to Tucson, a distance of 285 miles. The train consists of 50 wagons and 315 animals; time reuqired to make the triop, forty days.

Forage for 325 animals: Hay, 14 pounds for 40 days,

176,400 pounds; average coast, 1 1/2 cents

per pound.................................$2,646.00

Forage for 315 animals: Grain, 9 pounds for

40 days, 113,400 pounds; average cost,

3 1/2 cents per pound......................3,969.00